{"product_id":"vip","title":"VIP","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVIP Description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eVIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is a widely distributed endogenous neuropeptide that exerts regulatory effects across the nervous system, immune system, and peripheral tissues. Its actions span multiple levels, including neural signaling, vascular tone regulation, and immune cell function modulation. Its mechanism involves binding to specific receptors to activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, thereby facilitating coordination among the neuro-immune-vascular systems. Due to its cross-system regulatory properties, VIP is frequently employed in studies of systemic homeostasis, neuroimmune interactions, and complex signaling networks, holding significant importance in fundamental physiological regulation research. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 138.867px;\" class=\"bg-bg-100 min-w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm leading-[1.88888] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"border-b-border-100\/50 border-b-[0.5px] text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eH-Lys-Glu-OH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.2667px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 21.2667px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 21.2667px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eC\u003csub\u003e147\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e237\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e43\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e43\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e3326.8 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e40077-57-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e16132300\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eVip human vip；Aviptadil\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"tab-description\" class=\"tab-content active\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVIP\u003c\/strong\u003e Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the research background of VIP?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch on VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) began with its discovery in living organisms. Initially isolated as a 28-amino acid peptide from pig duodenum, subsequent studies revealed its widespread distribution beyond the gastrointestinal tract—extending to the central and peripheral nervous systems and endocrine cells—where it functions as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. As research deepened, it became clear that VIP plays vital roles in numerous physiological processes, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, cell proliferation, hormone secretion, gastrointestinal motility regulation, and smooth muscle relaxation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the mechanisms of action for VIP?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Action on the Digestive System\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegulation of Gastrointestinal Motility: VIP relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle by binding to VPAC receptors on smooth muscle cells. This activates intracellular signaling pathways, leading to the activation of adenylate cyclase. This process promotes the conversion of ATP to cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. Ultimately, this causes smooth muscle relaxation, regulating the frequency and amplitude of gastrointestinal peristalsis and thereby controlling the propulsion of food through the gastrointestinal tract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePromoting Digestive Fluid Secretion: In the pancreas, VIP stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to secrete water and bicarbonate, creating an alkaline environment conducive to pancreatic enzyme activity. This mechanism involves binding to VPAC receptors on acinar cells, activating intracellular second messenger systems, and regulating ion channel and transporter activity to promote water and bicarbonate secretion. In the stomach and small intestine, VIP also promotes mucus and electrolyte secretion, protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa and maintaining normal digestive function\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Action on the Cardiovascular System\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVasodilation: VIP acts on vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. By binding to receptors, it promotes the release of vasodilatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells or directly inhibits contraction in smooth muscle cells. This induces vasodilation, reduces peripheral vascular resistance, and regulates blood pressure. Under certain physiological or pathological conditions, increased VIP release occurs when the body requires enhanced local tissue blood supply, causing vasodilation in the corresponding area and increasing blood flow\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Action on the Immune System\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmune Modulation: VIP exhibits bidirectional regulation of immune responses. During early inflammation, VIP suppresses the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), mitigating excessive inflammatory reactions and protecting tissues from inflammatory damage. For example, in a herpes simplex virus keratitis model, exogenous VIP reduces neutrophil and CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, downregulates proinflammatory factors like myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), thereby alleviating corneal inflammation. During the late phase of the immune response, VIP promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β), facilitating the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"eager\" alt=\"Activation of VIP receptors triggers inward current in SCN neurones... | Download Scientific Diagram\" class=\"d1fekHMv2WPYZzgPAV7b\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FAlexei-Verkhratsky%2Fpublication%2F7485635%2Ffigure%2Ffig3%2FAS%3A667799458430985%401536227206616%2FActivation-of-VIP-receptors-triggers-inward-current-in-SCN-neurones-from-wild-type-mice.png\u0026amp;f=1\u0026amp;nofb=1\u0026amp;ipt=eed3a443b0f6653aea17cd11bef11d6e9ae610bb2a2130e5ada48bdb6d441eeb\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 1 Effect of VIP on pumping of lymphatic vessels from the guinea pig mesentery\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the applications of VIP?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnti-inflammatory effects: VIP exhibits distinct anti-inflammatory properties. It creates an anti-inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the functional profiles of monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells. During pregnancy, VIP synthesized by trophoblast cells inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation, accelerates neutrophil apoptosis, and facilitates efficient phagocytic clearance, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis. VIP plays a role in treating inflammation-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis by modulating the body's inflammatory response and alleviating symptoms\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegulation of Gastrointestinal Function: VIP plays a crucial role in regulating gastrointestinal physiology, involving vasodilation, hormone secretion, gastrointestinal motility regulation, and smooth muscle relaxation. Therefore, for disorders involving gastrointestinal motility dysfunction (e.g., functional dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea), VIP may improve symptoms by regulating gastrointestinal motility and secretory functions. Additionally, in certain inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, VIP's anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects also contribute to disease recovery\u003csup\u003e [4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeurological Disorders: VIP is distributed throughout both the central and peripheral nervous systems, functioning as a key neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in regulating diverse physiological processes. In neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), research indicates that abnormalities in VIP and its receptors correlate with disease progression. Modulating VIP levels or receptor function may offer novel therapeutic avenues for these conditions. Furthermore, during nerve repair processes like spinal cord injury, VIP may exert neuroprotective and reparative effects by promoting neuronal survival, proliferation, and differentiation\u003csup\u003e[4,5]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCardiovascular Diseases: Given its vasodilatory properties, VIP influences cardiovascular system function. In the treatment research of certain cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and coronary heart disease, VIP may exert positive therapeutic effects by dilating blood vessels, reducing peripheral vascular resistance, and improving myocardial blood supply. However, its clinical application in cardiovascular disease treatment currently faces numerous challenges, such as issues related to VIP stability and targeting\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn disease treatment, VIP's anti-inflammatory properties can modulate the immune microenvironment, offering intervention strategies for inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Its regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion can improve gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders. In neurodegenerative diseases, its neuroprotective and restorative effects may aid treatment exploration for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, its vasodilatory function contributes to cardiovascular disease research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] Williams JA. VIP Receptors.; 2021. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:261773265.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[2] von der Weid PY, Rehal S, Dyrda P, et al. Mechanisms of VIP-induced inhibition of the lymphatic vessel pump. Journal of Physiology-London 2012; 590(11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.230599.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, et al. Control of the inflammatory response during pregnancy: potential role of VIP as a  regulatory peptide. \u003cem\u003eAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences\u003c\/em\u003e 2019; \u003cstrong\u003e1437\u003c\/strong\u003e(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111\/nyas.13632.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Structure-activity relationship of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): potent  agonists and potential clinical applications. \u003cem\u003eNaunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology\u003c\/em\u003e 2008; \u003cstrong\u003e377\u003c\/strong\u003e(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007\/s00210-007-0232-0.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman DE. A VIP hybrid antagonist: from developmental neurobiology to clinical  applications. \u003cem\u003eCellular and Molecular Neurobiology\u003c\/em\u003e 1995; \u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c\/strong\u003e(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007\/BF02071131.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"10MG","offer_id":46385003790526,"sku":null,"price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/VIP_6db55d72-f1a2-4d49-8524-17300ae53c79.jpg?v=1781293197","url":"https:\/\/shop.humatide.com\/products\/vip","provider":"Humatide","version":"1.0","type":"link"}