{"product_id":"thymosin-alpha-1","title":"Thymosin Alpha-1","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 Description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin), a naturally occurring polypeptide in the thymus composed of 28 amino acids, possesses immunomodulatory functions. It regulates immune system function by enhancing the Th1 immune response and promoting the differentiation and maturation of T cells. Thymosin Alpha-1 has demonstrated therapeutic potential in various diseases, including chronic hepatitis B and C, AIDS, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and cancer. Additionally, it exhibits significant effects in enhancing vaccine responses and improving immunological dysfunction. Its advantages lie in high safety, good tolerability, and the ability to enhance the body's defense against infections and tumors through immune system regulation, particularly holding important clinical application value in immunocompromised or immunodysregulated conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bg-bg-100 min-w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm leading-[1.88888] whitespace-normal\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 138.867px;\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"border-b-border-100\/50 border-b-[0.5px] text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAc-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 21.2667px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eC\u003csub\u003e129\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e215\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e33\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e55\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e3108.3 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e62304-98-7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e16130571\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGThymalfasin；Zadaxin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tab-content active\" id=\"tab-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Thymosin Alpha-1?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 is a polypeptide composed of 28 amino acids. It naturally exists in the thymus and plays a crucial role in the maturation and differentiation process of T cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the research background of Thymosin Alpha-1?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 is a bioactive polypeptide isolated and purified from thymosin fraction 5, consisting of 28 amino acids. The thymus is an important organ of the immune system, which produces various substances that regulate immune function, and thymosin is one of them. With the in-depth study of the functions of the thymus, people have gradually realized that the active components in it may have potential value for the treatment of various diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the mechanism of action of Thymosin Alpha-1?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunomodulation: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 is a biological response modifier that can activate various cells in the immune system. It mainly regulates immune function by enhancing the differentiation and maturation of T cells (Sjogren M H, 2004; Mao L, 2023). Specifically, Thymosin Alpha-1 may affect thymocytes by stimulating their differentiation or transforming them into active T cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-inflammatory mechanism: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, Thymosin Alpha-1 accelerates the recovery from pneumonia through its anti-inflammatory mechanism. It can reduce the inflammatory response, promote the alleviation of COVID-19 pneumonia-related symptoms such as fever and fatigue, facilitate the absorption of exudate, and accelerate the recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia (Wang Z, 2023).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow does Thymalfasin induce the apoptosis of tumor cells in cancer treatment?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnhancing the activity of immune cells: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymalfasin is a synthetic thymopeptide with high immune-enhancing activity. It can enhance the killing effect of immune cells on tumor cells, thereby indirectly inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells. For example, in the tumor microenvironment, Thymalfasin can promote the differentiation and maturation of T cells and enhance the activity of T cells. As an important part of the immune system, T cells can recognize and attack tumor cells, inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic substances and other means.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulating the immune response: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAs an immunopotentiator, Thymalfasin can regulate the immune response and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells. It can enhance the Th1 immune response. Th1 cells mainly secrete cytokines such as IFN-γ, which can directly act on tumor cells and induce their apoptosis. In addition, Thymalfasin can also regulate the functions of other immune cells, such as enhancing the activity of NK cells. NK cells can directly kill tumor cells and also induce the apoptosis of tumor cells by secreting cytokines and other methods\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImproving the immunosuppression during anti-tumor treatment: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eDuring the process of tumor treatment, patients often experience immunosuppression, which will affect the effectiveness of tumor treatment. Thymalfasin can improve the immunosuppression generated during anti-tumor treatment, enhance the ability of the immune system to attack tumor cells, and thus induce the apoptosis of tumor cells. For example, during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the patient's immune system will be damaged to a certain extent. Thymalfasin can promote the recovery and proliferation of immune cells, improve the function of the immune system, and enhance the killing effect on tumor cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg title=\"Figure 1\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 1\" class=\"graphic\" src=\"https:\/\/f6publishing.blob.core.windows.net\/f17b4939-6de8-4130-875e-f7018632d9a7\/WJV-9-67-g001.png\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThymosin alpha 1 has a wide range of biological activities.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSource:PubMed\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the applications of Thymalfasin?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eViral infections: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eDue to its immunomodulatory effect, Thymosin Alpha-1 is often used to treat viral infections. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has shown good clinical efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Research shows that Thymosin Alpha-1 can prevent the progression of common COVID-19 infections to severe pneumonia through various immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory protection mechanisms\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Specifically, for patients treated with Thymosin Alpha-1, the hospital stay was significantly shortened, the proportion of relief of pneumonia-related symptoms (such as fever and fatigue) was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the area of inflammatory exudation shown by CT was also significantly lower than that of the control group\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e. In addition, multivariate Cox model analysis showed that the patients who used Thymosin Alpha-1 and the younger patients had a significantly faster negative conversion rate of COVID-19 antigens\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Tα1 (the main component of Thymosin Alpha-1) increased the CD4+ T cell count in patients with low-flow oxygen inhalation support at baseline faster than standard treatment, and may play a role in the treatment of hospitalized patients with hypoxemia and lymphopenia caused by COVID-19\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of hepatitis: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 also has a certain effect in the treatment of hepatitis. It can be used as a monotherapy for hepatitis B or in combination with interferon α-2b for the treatment of hepatitis C. Specifically, a study found that in the treatment of hepatitis B, the efficacy of Thymosin Alpha-1 was evaluated in four clinical trials involving 195 patients. In one of the studies, 9 out of 17 patients treated with Thymosin Alpha-1 had hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA clearance at six months, compared with 10 out of 16 patients treated with interferon α-2b and 4 out of 15 patients in the historical control group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAdjuvant treatment: Thymosin Alpha-1 is also widely used in cancer treatment. For patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and liver cancer, in adjuvant treatment, Thymosin Alpha-1 can significantly improve the overall survival rate (OS) (Mao L, 2023). For patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC, Thymosin Alpha-1 can significantly reduce lymphopenia and pneumonia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and there is a trend of improving OS\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnhancing anti-tumor immunity: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePreclinical evidence shows that Thymosin Alpha-1 may reverse the M2 polarization induced by the efferocytosis of macrophages by activating the TLR7\/SHIP1 axis, enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy, and enhance anti-tumor immunity by transforming \"cold tumors\" into \"hot tumors\" (Mao L, 2023). In addition, Thymosin Alpha-1 also has a protective effect in reducing colitis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and may enhance the clinical efficacy of ICIs\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Tα1 as adjuvant treatment after liver cancer resection may improve the prognosis of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. In a retrospective cohort study, patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver resection were divided into two groups, group A (resection + Tα1) and group B (resection only). After a median follow-up of 47.0 months, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates of patients in group A were higher than those in group B. Multivariate analysis showed that Tα1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRestoring immune function and vaccine enhancement: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 can be used to treat immunocompromised states and malignancies and as an enhancer of vaccine responses\u003csup\u003e[4, 6]\u003c\/sup\u003e. It can regulate the immune system and enhance T cell function, and may have clinical benefits for diseases with impaired or ineffective immune function such as acute and chronic infections, cancer, and vaccine non-response\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Studies have proven that in severe sepsis, Thymosin Alpha-1 has been shown to restore immune function and help reduce the mortality rate of patients\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreventing COVID-19 infections and complications in patients undergoing renal dialysis: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003ePatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) are considered particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV2 infection due to factors such as older age, comorbidity burden, drug use, and the need to visit dialysis clinics frequently. Early studies have shown that Thymosin Alpha-1, as an adjuvant to the influenza vaccine, can enhance the antibody response of the elderly population (including HD patients) to the influenza vaccine and reduce influenza infections. In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers speculated that administering Thymosin Alpha-1 to HD patients could reduce the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infections. As of July 1, 2022, 254 ESRD\/HD patients from five dialysis centers in Kansas City, Missouri were included in the study, of which 194 patients were randomly divided into group A (subcutaneous injection of 1.6mg Thymosin Alpha-1 twice a week for 8 weeks) and group B (control group, without receiving Thymosin Alpha-1)\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn conclusion, as a polypeptide with unique immunomodulatory functions, Thymosin Alpha-1 has shown potential applications in many aspects in the medical field. In the treatment of viral infections, it has a significant effect on diseases such as hepatitis B and COVID-19. It can not only accelerate the alleviation of symptoms and reduce inflammation but also prevent the progression of the disease and improve the recovery rate of patients. In terms of tumor treatment, it can induce the apoptosis of tumor cells through multiple pathways, enhance the killing effect of immune cells on tumor cells, and improve the immunosuppressive state, showing positive performance in the treatment of various cancers such as lung cancer and liver cancer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[1] Sjogren M H. Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease.[J]. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2004,19 Suppl 6:S69-S72. DOI:10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03635.x\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[2] Wang Z, Wang C, Fei X, et al. Thymalfasin therapy accelerates COVID-19 pneumonia rehabilitation through anti-inflammatory mechanisms[J]. Pneumonia, 2023,15(1).DOI:10.1186\/s41479-023-00116-6.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[3] Shehadeh F, Benitez G, Mylona E K, et al. A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Thymosin-α-1) to Treat Hospitalized Patients With Hypoxemia and Lymphocytopenia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection[J]. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023,227(2):226-235.DOI:10.1093\/infdis\/jiac362.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[4] Mao L. Thymosin alpha 1-Reimagine its broader applications in the immuno-oncology era[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2023,117.DOI:10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109952.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[5] He C, Peng W, Li C, et al. Thymalfasin, a promising adjuvant therapy in small hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection[J]. Medicine, 2017,96(16).DOI:10.1097\/MD.0000000000006606.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[6] Dominari A, Hathaway Iii D, Pandav K, et al. Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature.[J]. World Journal of Virology, 2020,9(5):67-78.DOI:10.5501\/wjv.v9.i5.67.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[7] Tuthill C W, Awad A, Parrigon M, et al. A pilot trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to prevent covid-19 infection and morbidities in renal dialysis patients: Preliminary report[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2023,117.DOI:10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109950.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"654\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"324\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"659\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"910\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"678\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"1259\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"937\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"10MG","offer_id":46384908894398,"sku":null,"price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/ThymosinAlpha-1.jpg?v=1781293583","url":"https:\/\/shop.humatide.com\/products\/thymosin-alpha-1","provider":"Humatide","version":"1.0","type":"link"}