{"title":"Capsules","description":"\u003cp\u003eCapsules \u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"slu-pp-332","title":"SLU-PP-332 Capsules","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Slu-PP-332？\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a synthetic small-molecule compound, Slu-PP-332 specifically activates estrogen receptor-related orphan receptors (ERRs). ERRs belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and share structural similarity with estrogen receptors but lack defined endogenous ligands[1, 2]. Slu-PP-332 binds to and activates ERRs, initiating a series of biological effects that play critical roles in metabolic regulation and exercise capacity enhancement\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #080000;\"\u003e[1-3]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSLU-PP-332 Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e290.32 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e303760-60-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5338394\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(E)-4-Hydroxy-N’-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 2-(2-naphthalenylmethylene)hydrazide, ERR pan-Agonist 332, SR9861, SLU-PP, SLUPP332\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"654\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"text-wrap-mode: wrap;\"\u003eSlu-PP-332\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"text-wrap-mode: wrap;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eResearch\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Background of Slu-PP-332 \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the continuous rise in the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure worldwide, as well as issues like muscle function decline and reduced exercise capacity caused by aging populations, developing drugs that mimic the beneficial effects of exercise has become a key direction in medical research. Exercise improves bodily functions by activating energy metabolism pathways, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, and regulating skeletal muscle fiber type transformation. However, there is a wide population with insufficient physical activity, including the elderly, myopathy patients, and those with motor dysfunction, who urgently need drug interventions to trigger exercise-like cellular adaptive changes. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), as members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, play a core role in regulating mitochondrial function, fatty acid oxidation, and skeletal muscle metabolic phenotypes. The development of ERR agonists provides a scientific basis for targeting key molecules in exercise-mimicking drugs. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the structural characteristics and functional mechanisms of ERRs, research teams have successfully developed the novel ERR agonist Slu-PP-332 through computer-aided drug design, high-throughput screening, and structure-activity relationship optimization. This molecule efficiently binds to and activates three ERR subtypes (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ), with high selectivity for ERRα. It induces conformational changes to recruit coactivators, initiating downstream gene transcription programs related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and skeletal muscle oxidative phenotypes. Preclinical studies have shown that Slu-PP-332 significantly improves energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in obese animal models, enhances cardiometabolic function in heart failure models, and promotes the transformation of skeletal muscle toward oxidative fibers, providing innovative intervention strategies for metabolic diseases, cardiac diseases, and motor function-related disorders and advancing translational medicine research from basic target discovery to drug development. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftse4.mm.bing.net%2Fth%2Fid%2FOIP.01-2DK9iVN4RqsVbvD8vvwHaD4%3Fpid%3DApi\u0026amp;f=1\u0026amp;ipt=a6deb7fc5109e1fe7e5df1149907e369369a072d8c28bca036850ea514d96b04\" class=\"mD_7N7b1a7ZoGbPdjYtp\" alt=\"Synthetic ERRα\/β\/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and ...\" loading=\"eager\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/website.leadong.com\/ueditor\/themes\/default\/images\/spacer.gif\" class=\"lazyimg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/website.leadong.com\/ueditor\/themes\/default\/images\/spacer.gif\" data-original=\"https:\/\/website.leadong.com\/ueditor\/themes\/default\/images\/spacer.gif\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSource:ACS[4]\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the mechanism of action of Slu-PP-332? \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulation of Energy Metabolism \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnhanced Energy Expenditure: Upon activating ERRs, Slu-PP-332 upregulates the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, promoting intracellular energy metabolic processes and enabling the body to consume more energy. For example, in skeletal muscle cells, it activates the genetic program of acute aerobic exercise, enhancing mitochondrial function and cellular respiration, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and inducing a negative energy balance to aid in weight loss\u003csup\u003e[1,2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePromoted Fatty Acid Oxidation: This agonist enhances fatty acid oxidation, facilitating the transport of more fatty acids from adipose tissue to mitochondria for oxidative breakdown and providing energy to the body. This process reduces fat accumulation and effectively decreases fat mass. Studies have found that after administering Slu-PP-332 to mice, their fatty acid oxidation significantly increased, with reduced fat mass accumulation\u003csup\u003e[1, 3]\u003c\/sup\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImprovement of Skeletal Muscle Function \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncreased Mitochondrial Function: In skeletal muscle cell lines, Slu-PP-332 enhances mitochondrial function and cellular respiration. It induces the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function, increasing mitochondrial quantity and activity, thereby improving cellular aerobic metabolism capacity, providing more energy for muscle contraction, and enhancing muscle endurance\u003csup\u003e[3, 4]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAltered Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type: Slu-PP-332 increases the proportion of type IIa oxidative skeletal muscle fibers. Type IIa fibers have high aerobic metabolic capacity, and their increased proportion helps improve muscle endurance and exercise capacity. Experiments have shown that after administering Slu-PP-332 to mice, their exercise endurance significantly improved\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImpact on Metabolic Syndrome \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlleviated Obesity: In diet-induced obesity or mouse models, Slu-PP-332 effectively alleviates obesity by regulating energy metabolism and reducing fat accumulation. Its effects of increasing energy expenditure and promoting fatty acid oxidation lead to weight loss and reduced fat mass in mice, thereby improving obesity-related metabolic disorders\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImproved Insulin Sensitivity: Insulin resistance is a key feature of metabolic syndrome. Slu-PP-332 improves insulin sensitivity, enhancing the body’s response to insulin and better regulating blood glucose levels. This may occur through molecular mechanisms related to insulin signaling pathways, though specific sites of action and signal transduction pathways require further study. Nevertheless, this effect is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes \u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulation of Cardiac Function \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImproved Cardiometabolic Function: Estrogen receptor-related orphan receptors ERRα and ERRγ are important regulators of cardiac metabolism. As an ERR agonist, Slu-PP-332 activates ERRγ, upregulating the expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism pathways, promoting cardiac fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function, maintaining normal cardiac energy supply, and thus improving cardiac function. In a mouse model of heart failure induced by pressure overload, Slu-PP-332 treatment significantly increased ejection fraction, improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, and reduced cardiac fibrosis \u003csup\u003e[5,7]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegulation of Cell Cycle and Developmental Pathways: Slu-PP-332 also induces downregulation of cell cycle genes in cardiomyocytes, a process partially mediated by E2F1. Regulation of the cell cycle may influence cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, and the positive effects of Slu-PP-332 on cardiac metabolism and function indicate its potential value in heart failure treatment \u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the applications of Slu-PP-332? \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Metabolic Diseases \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreatment of Obesity: Slu-PP-332 activates ERRs to enhance energy expenditure, promote fatty acid oxidation, and reduce fat accumulation. In studies on diet-induced obesity or ob\/ob mice, administration of Slu-PP-332 significantly reduced fat mass accumulation, indicating its potential application in obesity treatment. Its mechanism of action may involve mimicking exercise-induced metabolic pathways to increase energy expenditure and reduce fat\u003csup\u003e[1,3]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreatment of Type 2 Diabetes: In metabolic syndrome models, Slu-PP-332 not only effectively alleviates obesity but also improves insulin sensitivity. Improved insulin sensitivity is crucial for type 2 diabetes patients, as it aids in better blood glucose control. This suggests that Slu-PP-332 may have a positive impact on type 2 diabetes treatment by regulating metabolic processes\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmultimedia.elsevier.es%2FPublicationsMultimediaV1%2Fitem%2Fmultimedia%2FS1665579616300163%3Agr4.jpeg%3Fxkr%3Due%2FImdikoIMrsJoerZ%2Bw997EogCnBdOOD93cPFbanNfyDJ8Ru8hCz4cufi6EOoVuH%2Bg9%2FRhd6YTAHulOy6LMQ2nCy4Sx2z0tigWOdrcBzowPxW4kN5pW6ahn6TLsx2Ty2WpxqVM%2B%2BZN4Z06uScBAeoXK2NJXjLUcRsret8NyWSimt1LJbAErnbAagUfMLUhEFo%2FzV3wNzu%2B1pFfhVf9lQnsRH45PEy8hdXXrnmnP4DDdMI%2B1%2BXaWTnrnlUj4XvNcSEU4sI8%2FK%2FnspZbMxR7VteOK6nf7TIfczL7l9D15gPs%3D\u0026amp;f=1\u0026amp;nofb=1\u0026amp;ipt=712d76e2e8769cfafb19b2ffe5f01666432bec5b47a8ec2c8526fc07c4ce307d\" class=\"d1fekHMv2WPYZzgPAV7b\" alt=\"Roles of calcium and Mitochondria-Associated Membranes in the development of obesity and ...\" loading=\"eager\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe development of obesity promotes an increase in between ER and mitochondrias contacts in the liver, leading to mitochondria Ca⊃2;⁺ overload and oxidative damage and inflammation generation. \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: ELSEVIER \u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Exercise Function Improvement \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnhanced Exercise Endurance: In mouse experiments, Slu-PP-332 increased type IIa oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, thereby enhancing exercise endurance. It activates genetic programs in skeletal muscle related to acute aerobic exercise, a process dependent on ERRα. By improving mitochondrial function and cellular respiration to mimic the effects of exercise, it enables the body to generate energy more efficiently during physical activity, enhancing exercise endurance. This has potential applications for athletes to improve performance, ordinary individuals to enhance exercise capacity, and the elderly to strengthen muscle function and maintain mobility\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs an Exercise Mimetic: Given its ability to activate exercise-induced metabolic pathways, Slu-PP-332 can serve as an exercise mimetic. For individuals unable to engage in regular exercise due to health reasons (e.g., chronic diseases, mobility impairments, or rehabilitation patients), it offers a potential alternative to achieve exercise-like physiological benefits, such as improved metabolism and enhanced muscle function\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Cardiac Diseases \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreatment of Heart Failure: Cardiometabolic dysfunction is a key feature of heart failure, and ERRα and ERRγ are critical regulators of cardiac metabolism. In experiments on adult male mice, synthetic Slu-PP-332 significantly improved ejection fraction and mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced Nppa\/Nppb expression, and alleviated cardiac fibrosis in mice with heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Although it did not prevent cardiac hypertrophy, it improved cardiac function by upregulating oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism pathways and enhancing mitochondrial function and fatty acid metabolism. This suggests that Slu-PP-332 holds promise as a potential drug for heart failure treatment, offering new therapeutic options for patients \u003csup\u003e[5, 7]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCardiometabolic Regulation: Further studies indicate that the cardiometabolic regulatory effects of Slu-PP-332 are primarily mediated by ERRγ. It activates a series of gene transcriptions related to fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function, optimizing cardiac metabolic processes and maintaining normal cardiac function. This precise regulation of cardiac metabolism provides new targets and directions for treating diseases associated with cardiometabolic disorders\u003csup\u003e[5, 7]\u003c\/sup\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSlu-PP-332 is an ERR agonist with broad medical applications. By activating ERRs, it regulates energy metabolism for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, promotes fatty acid oxidation, and improves insulin resistance. It also enhances cardiometabolic function for heart failure treatment and boosts exercise endurance by mimicking exercise-induced metabolic pathways, providing new directions for related disease therapy and sports health management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1]   Billon C, Schoepke E, Avdagic A, et al. A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome[J]. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024,388(2):232-240.DOI:10.1124\/jpet.123.001733.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[2]   Billon C, Sitaula S, Banerjee S, et al. A Synthetic ERR$\\alpha$ Agonist Induces an Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity[J]. BioRxiv, 2022. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:252819965.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[3]   Nasri H. New hopes on \"SLU-PP-332\" as an effective agent for weight loss with indirect kidney protection efficacy; a nephrology point of view[J]. Journal of Renal Endocrinology, 2024. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:267189187.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[4]   Billon C, Sitaula S, Banerjee S, et al. Synthetic ERRα\/β\/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity[J]. ACS Chemical Biology, 2023,18(4):756-771.DOI:10.1021\/acschembio.2c00720.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[5]   Xu W, Billon C, Li H, et al. Novel ERR pan-agonists ameliorate heart failure through boosting cardiac fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function[J]. BioRxiv, 2022. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:246945715.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[6]   Cárdenas-Pérez R E, Camacho A. Roles of calcium and Mitochondria-Associated Membranes in the development of obesity and diabetes[J]. Medicina Universitaria, 2016,18(70):23-33.DOI:10.1016\/j.rmu.2015.10.004.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[7]   Xu W, Billon C, Li H, et al. Abstract 9682: The Cardiac Protective Effects of Novel Synthetic Pan-Estrogen Related Receptor Agonists Slu-pp-332 and Slu-pp-915[J]. Circulation, 2021,144.DOI:10.1161\/circ.144.suppl_1.9682.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"654\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"324\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"659\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"910\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"678\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"1259\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"937\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"250MCG","offer_id":45965558055102,"sku":null,"price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/SLU-PP-332Caps.jpg?v=1781297426"},{"product_id":"5-amino-1mq-capsules","title":"BPC-157 Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBPC-157 Description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBPC-157 is a peptide fragment derived from the gastric mucosa-associated sequence, commonly used to study tissue protection and repair mechanisms. Its effects manifest in maintaining tissue integrity, supporting local repair responses, and promoting structural stability post-injury. Its mechanism involves the coordinated regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including cell survival, vascular-related signaling, and tissue repair pathways. In research, BPC-157 is employed to explore regulatory patterns across different tissue types during injury and recovery processes, holding significant value in studies of repair biology and tissue homeostasis.\u003cbr\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bg-bg-100 min-w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm leading-[1.88888] whitespace-normal\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 138.867px;\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"border-b-border-100\/50 border-b-[0.5px] text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-left sm:table-cell sm:p-2 sm:border-t sm:border-gray-300 dark:sm:border-gray-300\/20 pb-1 pl-2 sm:align-middle\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"break-words space-y-1\"\u003eH-Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val-OH\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 21.2667px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eC\u003csub\u003e62\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e98\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e16\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e22\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e1419.5 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e137525-51-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e9941957\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBepecin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tab-content active\" id=\"tab-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eBpc 157 Research\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the research background of Bpc 157?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBpc 157 is a peptide composed of 15 amino acids and is part of the sequence of the body protection compound (Bpc) discovered and isolated from human gastric juice. The following is the research background related to Bpc 157:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Brain-Gut Axis and Bpc 157:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBrain-gut interaction involves peptidergic growth factors. Among them, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide  Bpc 157 is an anti-ulcer peptidergic drug that is safe and effective in inflammatory bowel disease trials and is currently undergoing trials for multiple sclerosis. It naturally exists in human gastric juice\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e . Bpc 157 may act as a new mediator of Robert cell protection, participating in maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa without toxic effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIt has achieved success in treating gastrointestinal diseases, periodontitis, liver and pancreatic lesions, as well as the healing of various tissues and wounds. It also stimulates the Egr-1 gene, NAB2, FAK-paxillin, and JAK-2 pathways\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e .When Bpc 157 is administered peripherally, corresponding beneficial central effects are initially observed, especially changes in serotonin release in certain areas of the brain (mainly the nigrostriatal region). Bpc 157 regulates the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, having a beneficial effect on various behavioral disorders that occur due to specific stimulation\/damage of the neurotransmitter system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn addition, Bpc 157 has neuroprotective effects, such as protecting somatosensory neurons, promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, counteracting the progression process after traumatic brain injury, preventing axonal and neuronal necrosis, demyelination, and cyst formation in rats with spinal cord compression accompanied by caudal paralysis, and restoring caudal function\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Role in Gastric Cell Protection and Organ Protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBpc 157 is of great significance as a possible mediator of Robert's gastric cell protection\/adaptive cell protection and organ protection, as well as a new mediator of Selye's stress response. Bpc 157 protects gastric cells and maintains the integrity of the stomach against various harmful substances.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIt can prevent the adverse effects of alcohol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric epithelium and other epithelia (such as the skin, liver, pancreas, heart, and brain), and has potential applications in wound healing. In addition, Bpc 157 can also counteract gastric endothelial damage, protect other vascular endothelia, have a positive impact on blood vessels, rapidly reconstruct the integrity of blood flow, and counteract tumor cachexia, muscle wasting, and increased pro-inflammatory\/cachectic cytokines\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Therapeutic Role in Vascular Occlusion:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn the study of superior mesenteric artery and vein occlusion in rats, Bpc 157 can rapidly activate collateral pathways, including the superior mesenteric vein-inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein-superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein-pyloric vein-portal vein pathway, alternative pathways to the inferior vena cava through the middle colic vein and inferior mesenteric vein, as well as the inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery and inferior mesenteric artery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBpc 157 can counteract superior sagittal sinus, portal vein, and inferior vena cava hypertension, aortic hypotension, progressive venous and arterial thrombosis in the peripheral and central areas, alleviate multi-organ lesions, lesions in the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, especially in the brain, and oxidative stress in tissues \u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe Role in Budd-Chiari Syndrome: In the study of the Budd-Chiari syndrome model (occlusion of the suprahepatic vena cava) in rats, Bpc 157 can rapidly form bypass pathways of the inferior vena cava-azygos vein (hemiazygos vein)-superior vena cava and portacaval shunt, counteract portal vein and inferior vena cava hypertension, aortic hypotension, and alleviate thrombosis, electrocardiogram disorders, and lesions in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. During ligation, the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in the liver remain within the normal healthy value range, and the increase in serum enzymes is also significantly reduced \u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Potential Therapeutic Role in COVID-19: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eCOVID-19 is regarded as a thrombotic and vascular disease mainly targeting systemic endothelial cells, which can cause central vascular dysfunction, leading to complications and multi-organ failure. Bpc 157 is a peptide that has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and endothelial protective effects in different organ systems of different species. It can activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which is related to nitric oxide release, tissue repair, and vascular regulation properties, improve vascular integrity and immune response, reduce the pro-inflammatory state, and reduce the severity of the disease. Therefore, it is crucial to discuss its potential as a preventive and supplementary treatment method\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e (Deek S A, 2022).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the specific mechanism of action of Bpc 157 in the brain-gut axis?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe brain-gut axis is a complex two-way communication system involving the interaction between the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, and Bpc 157 plays an important role in it, mainly in three aspects: First, as a cytoprotective mediator, Bpc 157 can participate in maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. As a new mediator of Robert cell protection without toxic effects, it maintains the normal physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract by protecting gastrointestinal cells, thereby affecting the balance of the brain-gut axis. Second, it regulates the neurotransmitter system. Bpc 157 can regulate the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. When Bpc 157 is administered peripherally, the release of serotonin in specific brain areas (mainly the nigrostriatal region) will change, producing beneficial central effects. Moreover, it can beneficially affect various behavioral disorders that occur due to specific stimulation\/damage of the neurotransmitter system. For example, it regulates the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to improve behavioral problems caused by abnormal neurotransmitter systems. Third, it has neuroprotective effects. Bpc 157 can protect somatosensory neurons, promote neuron survival and functional recovery in case of nerve injury, promote peripheral nerve regeneration, and restore nerve conduction function, reducing traumatic brain injury. For example, in the case of spinal cord compression in rats accompanied by caudal paralysis, axonal and neuronal necrosis, demyelination, and cyst formation, Bpc 157 can salvage caudal function and reduce the damage to organs such as the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract caused by drug overdose or encephalopathy, protecting the normal functions of the body\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the specific mechanism of Bpc 157 in treating central nervous system diseases?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBpc 157 has shown multiple potential mechanisms in treating central nervous system diseases. In the model of cerebral ischemic stroke, Bpc 157 effectively counteracts the stroke induced by bilateral common carotid artery clamping by protecting neurons and supporting specific gene expression. It can address the persistent damage to brain neurons in rats, while improving disturbed memory, motor, and coordination abilities. It has a direct protective effect on the neuronal damage caused by ischemic stroke and also supports the expression of specific genes in the hippocampal tissue. It may promote the survival and functional recovery of neurons by regulating the expression of specific genes\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg aria-describedby=\"Fig1\" src=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/full\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00441-019-03016-8\/MediaObjects\/441_2019_3016_Fig1_HTML.png\" alt=\"Fig. 1\" width=\"2053\" height=\"1055\"\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eExamples of successful administration mechanisms for the delivery of BPC 157; all routes, local and systemic, have been reported to have positive healing outcomes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSource:PubMed\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eFor schizophrenia, Bpc 157 regulates the relationship between the nitric oxide system and the dopamine system and counteracts various abnormalities of the dopamine system, thereby improving the symptoms of schizophrenia. It can address the complex relationship between the nitric oxide system and amphetamine, apomorphine, MK-801, and chronic methylphenidate administration, indicating that it may improve the symptoms of schizophrenia by regulating the functions of the nitric oxide system and the dopamine system. It can also counteract various abnormalities of the dopamine system, including dopamine receptor blockade, the development of receptor hypersensitivity, receptor activation, excessive release, nigrostriatal damage, and vesicular depletion, etc. It has a wide range of regulatory effects on the dopamine system and helps to restore the functional balance of the dopamine system in schizophrenia patients\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn addition, as a new type of cytoprotective mediator, Bpc 157 regulates the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, has a beneficial effect on behavioral disorders, and through its neuroprotective effect, protects somatosensory neurons, promotes peripheral nerve regeneration, counteracts the progression of traumatic brain injury, and restores caudal function. It may act as a new type of cytoprotective mediator, participate in maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa, and have an indirect therapeutic effect on central nervous system diseases. It can also regulate the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, have a beneficial effect on various behavioral disorders that occur due to specific (excessive) stimulation\/damage of the neurotransmitter system, and at the same time have neuroprotective effects, such as protecting somatosensory neurons, promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, counteracting the progression of traumatic brain injury, counteracting axonal and neuronal necrosis, demyelination, and cyst formation in rats with spinal cord compression, and restoring caudal function\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the Studies Related to Bpc 157?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs a Potential Treatment for COVID-19: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered a large-scale pandemic worldwide. Research suggests that COVID-19 is largely a thrombotic and vascular disease targeting systemic endothelial cells, which can lead to the disruption of central vascular function \u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Patients with COVID-19 may develop multi-organ failure such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular complications, liver injury, and nerve injury. Based on animal model data, researchers have discussed the role of Bpc 157 as a novel drug in improving the clinical management of COVID-19. Bpc 157 is a peptide that exhibits anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and endothelial protective effects in different organ systems of different species. Bpc 157 activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is related to nitric oxide (NO) release, tissue repair, and vascular regulation properties, and can improve vascular integrity and immune response, reduce the pro-inflammatory state, and reduce the severity of the disease. Therefore, it is of great significance to discuss its potential as a preventive and adjuvant treatment method.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccelerating the Healing of Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eA review has been conducted on the role of Bpc 157 in the treatment of soft tissue injuries\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c\/sup\u003e .Currently, all experiments studying Bpc 157 have shown that for various types of injuries (including traumatic and systemic injuries and a variety of soft tissue injuries), Bpc 157 has a consistent positive and rapid healing effect. However, to date, most of the studies have been conducted on small rodent models, and the efficacy of Bpc 157 has not been confirmed in humans. Nevertheless, Bpc 157 clearly has great potential and is expected to become a treatment method for the conservative treatment of low-vascular and low-cellular soft tissue (such as tendons and ligaments) injuries or as an adjuvant for recovery after further development. In addition, the skeletal muscle injury model shows that Bpc 157 not only has a beneficial effect on injuries caused by direct trauma but also on systemic injuries including hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImproving Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eResearchers have used a well-designed rat model to demonstrate that the stable gastric pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 can improve spinal cord injury\u003csup\u003e[8]\u003c\/sup\u003e . Previous studies have shown that Bpc 157 can counteract the consequences of peripheral (sciatic nerve) nerve transection\/anastomosis and improve nerve healing, brain trauma, and various encephalopathies. Bpc 157 has been used as an anti-ulcer peptide in inflammatory bowel disease trials and multiple sclerosis trials. In one study, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of Bpc 157 (200 or 2μg\/kg) or normal saline (5ml\/kg) after spinal cord injury. All injured rats showed continuous improvement after Bpc 157 treatment, with significantly better clinical tail motor function and no self-mutilation behavior; the spasm problem was solved on the 15th day; under the microscope (starting from the 7th day), the vacuoles and axonal loss in the white matter, edema in the gray matter, and loss of motor neurons in Bpc 157 rats, as well as the reduction in the number of large myelinated axons in the rat caudal nerve, were largely counteracted. Electromyogram recordings showed a significant decrease in motor unit potentials in the tail muscles. In addition, researchers also conducted another experiment. Bpc 157 was administered 4 days after spinal cord injury, and Bpc 157 (10μg\/kg, 0.16μg\/mL, 12ml\/rat\/day) was given through drinking water for 4 weeks, while the control group received only drinking water. The results showed that the rats treated with Bpc 157 showed great improvement and continued to recover until complete recovery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounteracting Spinal Instability: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eTo induce spinal instability in rats, researchers focused on bilateral facetectomy and explored the possible therapeutic benefits of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 in drinking water\u003csup\u003e[9]\u003c\/sup\u003e .In previous studies, Bpc 157 has been shown to improve spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, brain trauma, and various encephalopathies. In this study, rats received complete bilateral L3-L4 facetectomy, and after the operation, they were given Bpc 157 (10ng\/kg, 0.16ng\/mL, 12ml\/rat\/day) or only drinking water. Radiological evaluations were performed at week 1 and week 8. The results showed that at week 1, no obvious deformity was observed in the rats of the control group and the Bpc 157 group in any plane, the intervertebral disc space seemed to be unaffected, the neural foramen at the surgical level was slightly widened, and the rats in the Bpc 157 drinking group had a higher overall bone density. At week 8, no obvious deformity was observed in the rats of both groups in any plane, the intervertebral disc space was unaffected, the neural foramen at the surgical level was slightly widened, the rats in the Bpc 157 group had significantly higher bone density, and there was a lack of a large amount of callus formation in a random pattern visible in the control group. In addition, the rats in the control group showed obvious motor impairment immediately after injury induction, while the rats in the Bpc 157 drinking group completely counteracted this motor impairment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn conclusion, the core value of Bpc 157 lies in its endogenous and multi-system regulatory characteristics, providing innovative solutions for refractory inflammation, tissue defects, and neuropsychiatric diseases. In the field of sports trauma, it can accelerate the repair and regeneration of tissues such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments, shorten the recovery time, and has a good therapeutic effect on acute trauma. In the treatment of burns, Bpc 157 can significantly enhance the biological functions of endothelial cells such as proliferation, migration, and tubule formation, thus accelerating the repair of burn wounds. In addition, it has a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract, can promote the healing of gastrointestinal ulcers, and prevent and alleviate gastrointestinal diseases. Bpc 157 also shows potential in neuroprotection, protecting the nervous system through mechanisms such as reducing the inflammatory response and inhibiting apoptosis. It also has a protective effect on human organs such as the pancreas, liver, and heart, demonstrating its wide range of biological effects as a multifunctional peptide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[1] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications[J]. Current Neuropharmacology, 2016,14(8):857-865.DOI:10.2174\/1570159X13666160502153022.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[2] Sikiric P, Hahm K, Blagaic A B, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection\/Adaptive Cytoprotection\/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future[J]. Gut and Liver, 2020,14(2):153-167.DOI:10.5009\/gnl18490.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[3] Knezevic M, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, et al. Occluded Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein. Therapy with the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157[J]. Biomedicines, 2021,9(7).DOI:10.3390\/biomedicines9070792.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[4] Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vrdoljak B, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves suprahepatic occlusion of the inferior caval vein, Budd-Chiari syndrome model in rats.[J]. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 2020,11(1):1-19.DOI:10.4291\/wjgp.v11.i1.1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[5] Deek S A. BPC 157 as Potential Treatment for COVID-19[J]. Medical Hypotheses, 2022,158.DOI:10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110736.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[6] Vukojevic J, Milavic M, Perovic D, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system[J]. Neural Regeneration Research, 2022,17(3):482.DOI:10.4103\/1673-5374.320969.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[7] Gwyer D, Wragg N M, Wilson S L. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing[J]. Cell and Tissue Research, 2019,377(2):153-159.DOI:10.1007\/s00441-019-03016-8.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[8] Perovic D, Krezic I, Dokuzovic S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Recovers Motor Function After Rat Spinal Cord Injury[J]. Faseb Journal, 2019,33.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.822.5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[9] Dokuzovic S, Bebek I, Perovic D, et al. Spinal Instability in Rats Counteracted by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157[J]. Faseb Journal, 2019,33.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.822.3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"654\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"324\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"659\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"910\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"678\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"1259\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"937\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"500mcg","offer_id":45965603012798,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/BPC-157Caps.jpg?v=1781296414"},{"product_id":"5-amino-1mq-capsules-1","title":"5-Amino-1MQ Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e5-Amino-1MQ Product Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"\u003e5-Amino-1MQ is a synthetic compound that inhibits the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). By blocking this enzyme, it modulates cellular NAD+ and SAM levels, which affects energy production and fat metabolism pathways in experimental models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"\u003ePreclinical research in laboratory settings demonstrates effects on weight-related processes, muscle tissue preservation, mitochondrial function, and cellular aging mechanisms. This methylquinolinium derivative represents a research compound of interest for fundamental studies of metabolic processes and cellular longevity mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bg-bg-100 min-w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm leading-[1.88888] whitespace-normal\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 138.867px;\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"border-b-border-100\/50 border-b-[0.5px] text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eN\/A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 21.2667px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e159.21 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e685079-15-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e950107\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e5-amino-1-methylquinolinium；PMX593N4N3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tab-content active\" id=\"tab-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat is the research background of 5-Amino-1MQ?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the evolving field of metabolic health and longevity research, identifying effective interventions to address metabolic disorders and delay aging remains a central scientific focus. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) exhibits high activity in adipose tissue and liver. By methylating nicotinamide, it reduces its conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺). NAD⁺ is crucial for cellular basal metabolism, energy production, DNA repair, and signaling pathways. Maintaining its optimal levels is vital for cellular health and combating aging and metabolic dysfunction. In 2017, researchers at the University of Texas first investigated 5-Amino-1MQ while seeking methods to inhibit NNMT. Given NNMT's strong association with obesity and type 2 diabetes, the researchers hypothesized that blocking NNMT could potentially open new avenues for treating obesity and its metabolic complications. This formed the critical backdrop for the 5-Amino-1MQ research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the mechanism of action for 5-Amino-1MQ?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInhibiting cervical cancer cell proliferation: 5MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) that exhibits significant antiproliferative effects on the HeLa epithelial cervical carcinoma cell line, with this effect being concentration- and time-dependent. NNMT is a metabolic enzyme associated with tumor progression and metastasis. By inhibiting NNMT, 5MQ likely disrupts a series of intracellular metabolic pathways linked to tumor growth. For instance, 5MQ may interfere with nicotinamide metabolism-related signaling pathways. Imbalances in nicotinamide metabolism could further impact cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and other processes, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation. In experiments, as 5MQ concentration increased and treatment duration extended, HeLa cell proliferation exhibited progressively pronounced inhibition. Concurrently, morphological changes including cell shrinkage, loss of intercellular adhesion, and apoptotic bodies were observed, indicating that 5MQ induces apoptosis, thereby suppressing cell proliferation \u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegulation of Related Gene and Protein Expression: Following 5MQ treatment of HeLa cells, mRNA levels of ZEB1, SIRT1, and CD16 increased, while TWIST and SERPIN1 mRNA levels decreased. Concurrently, expression of the oncogenic proteins phospho-Akt and SIRT1 diminished. These genes and proteins play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression. For instance, TWIST and SERPIN1 are typically associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. By reducing their expression, 5MQ may suppress the invasive and metastatic capabilities of HeLa cells. Although mRNA levels of ZEB1 and SIRT1 increased, the expression of the oncogenic protein SIRT1 decreased. This may occur because 5MQ affects post-transcriptional regulation, inhibiting SIRT1 protein function and thereby affecting cell proliferation and survival. Phosphorylated Akt plays a crucial role in cell survival, proliferation, and metabolic regulation. 5MQ's reduction in its expression may inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival by blocking related signaling pathways\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the applications of 5-Amino-1MQ?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn metabolic health research, its core function is to restore cellular metabolic balance by inhibiting NNMT. NNMT consumes nicotinamide (a precursor of NAD⁺) and impacts methyl donor metabolism, while 5-Amino-1MQ blocks this process: on one hand, it reduces nicotinamide methylation consumption in adipocytes, elevating intracellular NAD⁺ levels to activate NAD⁺-dependent longevity genes (such as SIRT1) and optimize mitochondrial function— a process that promotes lipolysis, inhibits lipogenesis, helps regulate energy metabolism in adipose tissue, and reduces excess fat accumulation. On the other hand, it also alleviates insulin resistance commonly seen in metabolic disorders by improving insulin signaling pathway sensitivity, while potentially indirectly regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis to assist in maintaining stable blood glucose levels. Furthermore, its potential impact on gut microbiota is under investigation, with speculation that it may indirectly support overall metabolic homeostasis by regulating microbial metabolic activity (e.g., reducing harmful metabolite production).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn cancer research, its application focuses on targeting the “metabolic vulnerability” of tumor cells. To sustain rapid proliferation, tumor cells often rely on abnormally active metabolic pathways (such as the Warburg effect), and NNMT is highly expressed in some tumor cells, supporting their metabolism. By inhibiting NNMT, 5-Amino-1MQ disrupts tumor cell metabolism in two ways: First, it reduces intracellular NAD⁺ levels, impairing energy production, leading to insufficient energy and biosynthetic substrates required for proliferation; Second, it impairs the utilization of methyl donors, disrupting epigenetic regulatory processes like DNA methylation in tumor cells, thereby suppressing gene expression associated with proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, it may indirectly inhibit tumor growth and spread by modulating metabolic factors in the tumor microenvironment, providing a basis for exploring tumor metabolic intervention strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a fundamental research tool, it serves as a key method for deciphering NNMT's physiological functions. Researchers can precisely block NNMT activity using 5-Amino-1MQ in cellular or animal models to observe subsequent changes in metabolic indicators. For instance, in cellular experiments, monitoring NAD⁺ concentrations, methyl donor levels, and the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis can clarify NNMT's specific role in cellular metabolism. In animal models, combined with tissue-specific sample analysis, it enables exploration of NNMT's tissue-specific functions—such as its impact on hepatic metabolism during aging or its regulation of energy supply in neurons. Furthermore, leveraging the differential responses across cell lines (e.g., normal cells showing low sensitivity versus pronounced responses in metabolically abnormal or tumor cells) can aid in deciphering specific cellular metabolic mechanisms, guiding subsequent targeted research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the domains of muscle health and cognition, its application centers on the “energy metabolism - cellular function” relationship. In muscle health research, muscle repair relies on the activation and proliferation of satellite cells, a process requiring adequate energy supply. —5-Amino-1MQ promotes satellite cell activation by maintaining intracellular NAD⁺ levels in muscle cells. Simultaneously, it optimizes mitochondrial function to enhance muscle energy metabolism efficiency, alleviating recovery stress post-muscle injury. It may also reduce oxidative stress in muscle tissue, protecting cells from damage caused by excessive metabolic byproducts. In cognitive research, brain neurons exhibit extremely high energy demands, and declining NAD⁺ levels correlate with neural function decline. 5-Amino-1MQ preserves neuronal NAD⁺ supply by inhibiting NNMT, thereby safeguarding mitochondrial function and reducing neuroinflammation. It may also influence neurotransmitter metabolism (via NAD⁺-dependent enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis) to support cognitive-related neuronal activity (e.g., cellular function in learning\/memory regions like the hippocampus), offering novel perspectives for cognitive function maintenance research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a specific inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), 5-Amino-1MQ demonstrates core value across multiple domains by targeting NNMT-regulated metabolic pathways. It can improve obesity and insulin resistance by maintaining NAD⁺ levels, optimizing mitochondrial function, and restoring metabolic balance. It also targets metabolic vulnerabilities in tumor cells, disrupting their energy production and epigenetic regulation to inhibit tumor growth. Furthermore, it serves as a research tool for elucidating NNMT function while demonstrating potential roles in muscle repair and cognitive maintenance, providing key directions for intervention studies in metabolic diseases, cancer, and related conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] Akar S, Duran T, Azzawri AA, Koçak N, Çelik Ç, Yıldırım Hİ. Small molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase shows  anti-proliferative activity in HeLa cells. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology\u003c\/em\u003e 2021; 41(8): 1240-1245.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"50mcg","offer_id":46452574519486,"sku":null,"price":180.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/5-Amino-1MQCaps.jpg?v=1781296719"},{"product_id":"tb-500-500mcg-120-capsules","title":"TB-500 Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTB-500 Description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTB500, a synthetic analog of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), promotes tissue repair and regeneration by regulating actin dynamics and stimulating cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation.TB500 is a functional fragment of thymosin β4 primarily used to study mechanisms related to cell migration and tissue repair. Its actions focus on promoting cell motility, supporting tissue structural reconstruction, and participating in repair signal regulation. Research indicates that TB500 is closely associated with cytoskeletal regulation, particularly influencing actin dynamics. Its mechanism enhances the coordination of tissue repair processes by modulating cell migration-related signaling pathways. TB500 holds significant research value in the fields of tissue regeneration, injury repair, and cell migration studies. \u003cbr\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bg-bg-100 min-w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm leading-[1.88888] whitespace-normal\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 138.867px;\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"border-b-border-100\/50 border-b-[0.5px] text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-left sm:table-cell sm:p-2 sm:border-t sm:border-gray-300 dark:sm:border-gray-300\/20 pb-1 pl-2 sm:align-middle\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"break-words space-y-1\"\u003eAc-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-OH\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 21.2667px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 21.2667px;\"\u003eC\u003csub\u003e38\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e68\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e889.0 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e885340-08-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e62707662\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\" style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\" style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eQHK6Z47GTG\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tab-content active\" id=\"tab-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eTB500 Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the research background of TB500?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eTB500 is a small peptide processed from the active site of thymosin β4. Thymosin β4 has the abilities of tissue regeneration, anti-inflammation, and rapid repair, and TB500 has inherited these properties as well. Initially, in the research on thymosin β4, it was found to possess multiple biological activities, playing important roles in aspects such as cell migration, tissue repair, and inflammation regulation. TB500 is the active fragment of thymosin β4. Researchers hope that through the study of TB500, they can gain a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action and explore whether it can be developed into a drug with specific therapeutic purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eIn the fields of wound repair and tissue damage caused by chronic diseases, traditional treatment methods have certain limitations. Due to its potential ability in promoting cell migration and tissue repair, TB500 has become a research hotspot, and people expect it to provide new ideas and methods for treating these diseases. For example, in the research of diseases such as myocardial infarction and nerve injury, studies are carried out to explore whether TB500 can promote the repair of damaged tissues and the restoration of their functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eAthletes are prone to various injuries during training and competitions, including muscle strains and ligament injuries. TB500 is believed to potentially help accelerate injury repair and improve the recovery speed of sports injuries, so it has attracted attention in the field of sports medicine. Some studies attempt to explore the application potential of TB500 in the rehabilitation of athletes' injuries. However, at the same time, it has also triggered a controversy about whether it may be abused as a doping. With the development of medicine, the demand for new drugs is constantly increasing. As a peptide substance with a unique mechanism of action, TB500 has the potential to be developed into a new type of drug, providing more options for clinical treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the mechanism of action of TB500?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting tissue regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eTB500 is a small peptide processed from the active site of thymosin β4. Thymosin β4 has the ability to promote tissue regeneration, and TB500 has inherited this property. It may promote tissue regeneration in the following ways:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActivating cell signaling pathways:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eIt may activate certain specific cell signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. For example, it may activate signaling pathways related to cell growth and repair, such as the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway, etc., thereby stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation and promoting tissue regeneration\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulating the extracellular matrix:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eThe extracellular matrix plays an important role in tissue regeneration. TB500 may regulate the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix, promoting cell adhesion, migration, and tissue remodeling. For example, it may increase the synthesis of collagen and elastin, improving the structure and function of tissues\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-inflammatory effect:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eInflammation is a defensive response of the body to injury and infection, but excessive inflammation can lead to tissue damage. TB500 has an anti-inflammatory effect and can inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines play a key role in the inflammatory response. TB500 may inhibit the production of these inflammatory mediators, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. For example, it may inhibit the production of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulating the function of immune cells:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eImmune cells play an important role in the inflammatory response. TB500 may regulate the function of immune cells, such as regulating the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. For example, it may promote the transformation of macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype and inhibit the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccelerating cell proliferation and differentiation:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eBy activating cell signaling pathways and regulating the extracellular matrix, TB500 can accelerate cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting the repair of damaged tissues\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReducing the inflammatory response: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eThe inflammatory response will delay tissue repair, and the anti-inflammatory effect of TB500 can reduce the inflammatory response, creating a favorable environment for tissue repair\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting angiogenesis: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eAngiogenesis is crucial for tissue repair. TB500 may promote angiogenesis, increasing the blood supply to damaged tissues, providing nutrients and oxygen for cells, and promoting tissue repair\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 0em; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg class=\"shrinkToFit\" height=\"951\" width=\"1647\" alt=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S0753332223002603-gr1_lrg.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S0753332223002603-gr1_lrg.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 0em; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegulation of MMP\/TIMP on hepatic fibrosis.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eSource:PubMed\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow does TB500 regulate the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eThe balance between the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for maintaining the normal structure and function of tissues. TB-500 may affect the synthesis of the extracellular matrix in the following ways:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting collagen deposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eTB-500 is believed to be able to promote collagen deposition, and collagen is an important component of the extracellular matrix. The specific mechanism of action may involve the regulation of cell signaling pathways involved in collagen synthesis. For example, it may promote the expression of collagen genes by activating certain growth factors or transcription factors, thereby increasing the synthesis of collagen\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eEndothelial cells secrete a variety of extracellular matrix components during the process of blood vessel formation. TB-500 promotes endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis in dermal tissues, which may indirectly promote the synthesis of the extracellular matrix. The newly formed blood vessels require the support of the extracellular matrix, which may stimulate cells to synthesize more extracellular matrix components\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInfluence on the degradation of the extracellular matrix:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIt may regulate the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs):\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eThe degradation of the extracellular matrix is mainly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. Although there is currently no direct evidence that TB-500 regulates the activities of MMPs and TIMPs, considering that TB-500 has the effects of promoting cell migration and wound healing, and the processes of cell migration and wound healing are usually accompanied by the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, this may involve the regulation of MMPs and TIMPs. For example, in the study of liver fibrosis, matrix metalloproteinases and their specific inhibitors (i.e., tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMPs) play a key role in collagen synthesis and dissolution. By restoring the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, the accumulation of the extracellular matrix can be inhibited, thereby reducing liver fibrosis\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndirectly regulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix by affecting cell behavior:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eTB-500 can promote keratinocyte migration. During the process of cell migration, cells need to regulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix to clear the way. This may involve the secretion of certain enzymes or factors by cells to regulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix. For example, in some physiological and pathological processes, cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases to degrade the extracellular matrix for migration\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn what ways does TB500 interact with biomaterials to promote muscle regeneration?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelease of bioactive molecules:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eBiomaterials can serve as carriers and act in concert with TB500 to release bioactive molecules, promoting muscle regeneration. For example, some biomaterials can release active substances such as growth factors. These substances work together with TB500 to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. TB500 itself has the effects of promoting cell migration and angiogenesis. Combined with the active molecules released by biomaterials, it can more effectively promote muscle regeneration\u003csup\u003e[4, 5]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe role of biomimetic materials:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eBiomimetic materials mimic the natural structure and function of muscle tissues, providing a suitable microenvironment for TB500. Such biomimetic materials can be better compatible with muscle tissues, promoting the action of TB500 at the damaged site. For example, biomimetic materials with a specific pore structure can provide support for cell growth, and at the same time, allow TB500 to diffuse and function better\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunomodulatory effect:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eBiomaterials can promote muscle regeneration by regulating the immune system, in coordination with TB500. Studies have shown that biomaterials can regulate the polarization of macrophages, thereby controlling the immune response and creating a favorable environment for muscle regeneration. TB500 may further enhance this immunomodulatory effect by affecting the activity of immune cells. For example, through the immunomodulation mediated by biomaterials, the polarization of macrophages can be regulated to promote the soft tissue regeneration of the musculoskeletal system, and TB500 may play a synergistic role in this process\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombination of stem cells and biomaterials:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eStem cells play an important role in muscle regeneration. Combining with biomaterials and TB500 can provide a more effective treatment strategy. Many stem cell populations, such as mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells, are involved in muscle regeneration. Biomaterials can provide support and guidance for stem cells, while TB500 can promote the migration, survival, and differentiation of stem cells. The combination of the three can overcome the limitations of using them alone and promote muscle regeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromotion of nerve regeneration: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003ePeripheral nerve regeneration also plays a key role in muscle regeneration. Biomaterials can provide structural bridging to promote nerve regeneration, and TB500 may further promote nerve regeneration and muscle function recovery by affecting the gene expression related to neurogenesis. For example, some studies have found that the gene arrays related to neurogenesis are upregulated, suggesting the role of peripheral nerve regeneration in mediating the recovery of muscle force, and biomaterials and TB500 may jointly promote this process\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication of magnetically responsive biomaterials:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eNew magnetically responsive biomaterials can enhance muscle regeneration by triggering drug and cell delivery. TB500 can be used in combination with such biomaterials to improve the repair effect of damaged muscles. For example, a biphasic iron gel scaffold can be used to deliver cells and growth factors, precisely timing in vivo to enhance functional muscle regeneration during inflammation. TB500 may act synergistically with this biomaterial to further promote muscle regeneration\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0em;\"\u003eOverall, as a small peptide processed from the active site of thymosin β4, TB500 has shown remarkable potential in tissue regeneration, anti-inflammation, and rapid repair. Research has found that it can promote endothelial cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and keratinocyte migration, and may also regulate the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. In the field of muscle repair, TB500 may bring new hope for the repair of sports injuries by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells, regulating the inflammatory response, and interacting with biomaterials. TB500 has the potential to become an effective drug for the adjuvant treatment of tissue damage and related diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[1] Rahaman K, Muresan A, Son J, et al. Development of analytical methods for TB-500 and its metabolites by LC-MS\/MS[M]. 2022.10.13140\/RG.2.2.32176.02564.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[2] Ho E N M, Kwok W H, Lau M Y, et al. Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2012,1265:57-69.DOI:10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.09.043.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[3] Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis[J]. Biomedicine \u0026amp; Pharmacotherapy, 2023,161.DOI:10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114472.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[4] Carleton M M, Sefton M V. Promoting endogenous repair of skeletal muscle using regenerative biomaterials[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2021,109(12):2720-2739.DOI:10.1002\/jbm.a.37239.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[5] Ye J, Xie C, Wang C, et al. Promoting musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration by biomaterial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization[J]. Bioactive Materials, 2021,6(11):4096-4109.DOI:10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.04.017.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[6] Roberts K, Kim J T, Huynh T, et al. Transcriptome profiling of a synergistic volumetric muscle loss repair strategy[J]. Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2023,24(1).DOI:10.1186\/s12891-023-06401-1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[7] Cezar C A. Magnetically Responsive Biomaterials for Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Regeneration[M]. 2015.https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/dissertations-theses\/magnetically-responsive-biomaterials-enhanced\/docview\/1761573755\/se-2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"654\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"324\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"659\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"910\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"678\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"1259\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"937\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"500mcg","offer_id":46452583694526,"sku":null,"price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/TB-500Caps_b95ed3bb-8c2d-45b6-b711-be58da6c9915.jpg?v=1781296303"},{"product_id":"kvp-500mcg-120-capsules","title":"KPV Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKPV Description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKPV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e (Lys–Pro–Val) is the C-terminal tripeptide fragment of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). As a small, bioactive peptide, KPV reproduces many of α-MSH’s anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue-protective activities while avoiding full-length melanocortin receptor signaling in some contexts. In research settings KPV has been studied for:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePotent anti-inflammatory action\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e — suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte activation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAntimicrobial activity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e — direct candidacidal and bactericidal effects reported for α-MSH C-terminal fragments including KPV.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMucosal and epithelial protection \/ wound healing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e — accelerates epithelial repair in corneal and other epithelial models.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAnti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory effects\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e — reduces fibrosis and shifts macrophage phenotypes in preclinical studies.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eFavorable safety \u0026amp; non-immunogenic profile\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e in multiple animal models.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eKPV is a useful research tool for studying innate immune regulation, mucosal defense and novel anti-inflammatory peptide therapeutics.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-1.5\"\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 138.867px;\" class=\"bg-bg-100 min-w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm leading-[1.88888] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"border-b-border-100\/50 border-b-[0.5px] text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"text-text-000 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLys–Pro–Val\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.2667px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 21.2667px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 21.2667px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eC₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"akGp8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e342.43\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e67727-97-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e125672\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\" class=\"[tbody\u0026gt;\u0026amp;]:odd:bg-bg-500\/10\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3943%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.8231%; height: 19.6px;\" class=\"border-t-border-100\/50 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:-x-[hsla(var(--border-100) \/ 0.5)] border-t-[0.5px] px-2 [\u0026amp;:not(:first-child)]:border-l-[0.5px]\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eACTH(11-13), alpha-MSH(11-13)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"tab-description\" class=\"tab-content active\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eKPV Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the research background of KPV?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eKPV is a tripeptide derived from α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). α-MSH is a polypeptide hormone with multiple biological functions, playing an important role in regulating skin pigmentation, immune regulation, and other aspects. As a part of α-MSH, KPV has been isolated and deeply studied. Although some progress has been made in the medical field in recent years, the treatment options for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unsatisfactory, and the surgery rate remains high. Therefore, finding new and effective treatment methods has become an urgent task. IBD includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, etc., which are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Current treatment methods include drug therapy and surgical treatment, but both have certain limitations. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortin peptides such as α-MSH have been described in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in mice. This provides a clue for studying the anti-inflammatory potential of KPV. α-MSH has functions such as immune regulation and inflammation alleviation, and the tripeptide KPV derived from it is also considered to possibly have similar anti-inflammatory properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the mechanism of action of KPV?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of action in ulcerative colitis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImproving stability and rectal administration convenience:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eKPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a tripeptide derived from α-MSH (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) and has anti-inflammatory effects against colitis. However, the KPV solution is very unstable during rectal administration, affecting its therapeutic effect. In the study, cysteamine-grafted γ-polyglutamic acid (SH-PGA) was synthesized by combining cysteamine with the carboxyl group of γ-PGA. Without using a cross-linking agent, a 4% polymer content SH-PGA hydrogel was formed through the self-cross-linking of sulfhydryl groups. The KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel showed an elastic modulus (G') higher than the corresponding viscous modulus (G'') at 0.01-10 Hz, exhibiting good mechanical stability and shear thinning behavior, which is beneficial for rectal administration. At the same time, the stability of KPV in the SH-PGA hydrogel was significantly enhanced. Only 30% of KPV was released from the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel within 20 minutes, followed by a continuous release behavior\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlleviating colitis symptoms:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThrough experiments on rats with ulcerative colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), the enhanced therapeutic effect of the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel on colitis was confirmed. After rectal administration of the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel, colitis symptoms including weight loss and disease activity index scores were significantly alleviated. In addition, treatment with the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel prevented the shortening of the colon in rats injected with TNBS and reduced the level of colonic myeloperoxidase. After treatment with the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel, the morphology of the colon, including the epithelial barrier, crypts, and intact goblet cells, was restored. At the same time, the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of action in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eDSS colitis model: In the DSS colitis model, treatment with KPV led to earlier recovery and significantly enhanced weight recovery. Histologically, the inflammatory infiltration in KPV-treated mice was significantly reduced, which was confirmed by the significant decrease in the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the colonic tissue after KPV treatment\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCD45RB (hi) transfer colitis model:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSupporting the above findings, KPV treatment of transferred colitis led to disease recovery, weight recovery, and a reduction in inflammatory changes from a histological perspective\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMC1Re\/e mouse model:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn mice expressing a non-functional melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1Re\/e), KPV treatment saved all animals in the treatment group from death during DSS colitis. This indicates that the anti-inflammatory effect of KPV seems to be at least partially independent of MC1R signaling\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of action in bronchial epithelial cell inflammation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eI\u003cstrong\u003enhibiting NF-κB signaling:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells, the melanocortin-related peptide KPV and the agonist α-MSH of airway epithelium (MC3R) inhibited NF-κB signaling by inhibiting the nuclear import of p65RelA and activating epithelial MC3R, respectively. Specifically, the effect of KPV is related to its nuclear import, which can inhibit the nuclear translocation of p65RelA labeled with YFP. At the same time, the binding sites of KPV and Imp-α\/β are on p65RelA, possibly involving blocking importin-α armadillo domains 7 and 8 \u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of action in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and repair effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eUsing temperature-sensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PPP) as the matrix and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with inherent antibacterial activity as the adhesion enhancer, an in-situ mucosal adhesive hydrogel (PPP_E) was successfully prepared. The tripeptide KPV was dissolved in the cold PPP_2% E precursor solution as a model drug to prepare the KPV@PPP_2% E hydrogel. The anti-inflammatory activity and the potential to promote cell migration of KPV in the PPP-2% E hydrogel were well maintained. In addition, the KPV@PPP_2% E had a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. When the KPV@PPP_2% E hydrogel was applied to the gingival mucosa of rats with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, it could rapidly transform into a hydrogel and adhere to the wound surface for 7 hours, greatly improving the food intake and weight recovery of the rats. At the same time, by promoting the expression of CK10 and PCNA, the KPV@PPP_E hydrogel also well repaired the tissue morphology of the ulcerated gingiva. In addition, the KPV@PPP_2% E hydrogel significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α, and at the same time upregulated IL-10 \u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/inrorwxhkpmnlm5m-static.micyjz.com\/cloud\/lkBpiKirljSRjlqlnjnlko\/2.png\" class=\"lazyloaded\" data-src=\"\/\/inrorwxhkpmnlm5m-static.micyjz.com\/cloud\/lkBpiKirljSRjlqlnjnlko\/2.png\" data-original=\"\/\/inrorwxhkpmnlm5m-static.micyjz.com\/cloud\/lkBpiKirljSRjlqlnjnlko\/2.png\" style=\"width: 700px; height: 624px;\" border=\"0\" height=\"624\" width=\"700\" alt=\"2\" title=\"2\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSource:PubMed\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the clinical application cases of KPV drugs?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of ulcerative colitis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdministration through self-crosslinking hydrogel: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn a study, cysteamine-grafted γ-polyglutamic acid (SH-PGA) was synthesized and made into a hydrogel to stabilize the tripeptide KPV\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. The KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel showed good therapeutic effects in a rat model of ulcerative colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Specifically, after rectal administration, colitis symptoms such as weight loss and disease activity index scores were significantly alleviated, and it could also prevent the shortening of the colon in rats injected with TNBS and reduce the level of colonic myeloperoxidase. At the same time, the morphology of the colon, including the epithelial barrier, crypts, and intact goblet cells, was restored after treatment with the KPV\/SH-PGA hydrogel, and the hydrogel also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdministration through dual-network hydrogel:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAnother study constructed a dual-network hydrogel (PMSP) formed by maleated γ-polyglutamic acid and thiolated γ-polyglutamic acid through thiol-maleimide cross-linking and self-oxidation of thiols \u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e. This hydrogel can specifically adhere to the inflamed mucosa rather than the healthy mucosa, and has good mechanical strength and biological adhesion. KPV, as a model drug, is easily captured by PMSP through electrostatic interaction, thus maintaining its biological activity for a longer time under high-temperature conditions. In rats with colitis induced by TNBS, after rectal administration of PMSP-KPV, the alleviating effect of KPV on colitis was significantly improved, and the epithelial barrier of the colon was effectively restored. In addition, PMSP-KPV also regulated the intestinal flora and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAn in-situ mucosal adhesive hydrogel (PPP_E) was prepared using temperature-sensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PPP) as the matrix and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as the adhesion enhancer \u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e. The tripeptide KPV was dissolved in the cold PPP_2% E precursor solution as a model drug to prepare the KPV@PPP_2% E hydrogel. This hydrogel has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and repair effects on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Specifically, it can maintain the anti-inflammatory activity of KPV and the potential to promote cell migration, and has a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. After administration to the gingival mucosa of rats with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, the PPP_2% E precursor solution rapidly transformed into a hydrogel and adhered to the wound surface for 7 hours. Treatment with the KPV@PPP_2% E hydrogel greatly improved the food intake and weight recovery of the rats, promoted the expression of CK10 and PCNA, well repaired the tissue morphology of the ulcerated gingiva, and at the same time significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and upregulated the expression of IL-10. This hydrogel also has an antibacterial effect on gingival ulcer wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and significantly inhibits the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the submucosal tissue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of inflammatory bowel disease\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSome studies have shown that KPV may be a new therapeutic drug for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) \u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e. In human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco2-BBE and HT29-Cl.19A) and human T cells (Jurkat), after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, the addition of KPV can inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAP kinase inflammatory signaling pathways and reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study found that KPV acts through hPepT1 expressed in immune and intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, in mouse models of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and TNBS, oral administration of KPV can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of colitis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn conclusion, as a bioactive substance with great potential, KPV shows unique advantages in the treatment of various diseases. In the field of inflammatory bowel disease, whether in mouse model experiments or in the exploration of different administration methods for ulcerative colitis, KPV can effectively reduce inflammatory infiltration, improve tissue morphology, regulate cytokine expression, and exert significant anti-inflammatory effects through mechanisms such as PepT1 transport. In the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, the hydrogel containing KPV prepared with a specific matrix and adhesion enhancer can not only maintain its anti-inflammatory and cell migration-promoting activities but also has a powerful antibacterial ability, significantly improving the related symptoms of rats and promoting tissue repair. Although the current clinical application cases of KPV are still limited, the existing research results fully demonstrate its therapeutic value. In the future, if breakthroughs can be achieved in in-depth research on improving drug stability and delivery efficiency, expanding clinical indications, and strengthening clinical monitoring and management, KPV is expected to bring more high-quality and efficient treatment options for more patients and play a more important role in clinical treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[1] Sun J, Xue P, Liu J, et al. Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Alleviating TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats[J]. Acs Biomaterials Science \u0026amp; Engineering, 2021,7(10):4859-4869.DOI:10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00792.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[2] Konnengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2008,14(3):324-331.DOI:10.1002\/ibd.20334.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[3] Land S C. Inhibition of cellular and systemic inflammation cues in human bronchial epithelial cells by melanocortin-related peptides: mechanism of KPV action and a role for MC3R agonists.[J]. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 2012,4(2):59-73. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22837805\/\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[4] Shao W, Chen R, Lin G, et al. In situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing tripeptide KPV: the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and repairing effect on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis[J]. Biomaterials Science, 2021,10(1):227-242.DOI:10.1039\/d1bm01466h.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[5] Zhao Y, Xue P, Lin G, et al. A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2022,143:233-252.DOI:10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.02.039.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[6] Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen H T T, et al. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation[J]. Gastroenterology, 2008,134(1):166-178.DOI:10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.10.026.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"500mcg","offer_id":46452588708030,"sku":null,"price":120.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/KPVCaps_de9a629c-517d-4fea-a482-0a93b5c9f627.jpg?v=1781296574"},{"product_id":"ghk-cu-capsules","title":"GHK-cu Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGHK-Cu (Copper Peptide) Description\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\"\u003eGHK-Cu, a naturally occurring tripeptide copper complex, possesses multiple biological activities. It exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and collagen synthesis-promoting effects by regulating copper ion metabolism, being widely applied in cosmetic skincare, anti-aging, and healthcare fields. In cosmetic skincare, GHK-Cu can improve skin aging, promote wound healing, enhance skin elasticity, while also possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Additionally, it is used to promote hair health, regulate gene expression, and assist in treating certain diseases. As a multifunctional bioactive molecule, GHK-Cu demonstrates significant potential in delaying aging, improving skin health, and enhancing tissue repair capabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGly-His-Lys\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003csub\u003e28\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e46\u003c\/sub\u003eCuN\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e744.3 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e130120-56-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9831891\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBisprezatide copper；DL1TR6W6VM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eGHK-Cu Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the research background of GHK-Cu?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Progress of Active Peptides: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSince the 20th century, the research on bioactive peptides in the field of life sciences has been continuously deepened. Scientists have gradually realized that peptides play a crucial role in living organisms. They are not only components of proteins but also have independent biological functions and participate in regulating various physiological processes of organisms, such as cell growth, differentiation, and immunomodulation. This in-depth understanding of peptides provides a theoretical basis and research direction for the discovery and study of GHK-Cu.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExploration of Plasma Components: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIn the detailed study of human plasma components, scientists are committed to analyzing the composition and functions of various biomolecules in plasma. As an important body fluid in the human body, plasma contains a variety of proteins, peptides, hormones, electrolytes, and other substances, and it is a key medium for maintaining the normal physiological functions of the human body. In the 1970s, researchers accidentally discovered a special tripeptide during the analysis of plasma proteins. Its amino acid sequence is glycyl-histidyl-lysine, namely GHK. This discovery aroused great interest among scientists and prompted them to further explore the role and characteristics of this tripeptide in plasma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiological Significance of Copper Ions: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAt the same time, the important role of copper ions in biology has gradually attracted attention. Copper is one of the essential trace elements in the human body and participates in many biochemical reactions. It is a component or activator of many key enzymes and plays an indispensable role in maintaining the normal metabolism of cells, respiration, and the synthesis of collagen. During the study of the biological functions of copper ions, scientists found that copper ions can bind to certain peptide substances to form complexes with special biological activities. This discovery provides an important clue for the study of the binding of GHK and copper ions and their potential functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromotion of Aging-related Research: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eWith the development of society and the increasingly prominent problem of population aging, aging-related research has become an important topic in the field of life sciences. Scientists are trying to find biomarkers and regulatory factors closely related to the aging process to reveal the mechanism of aging and explore methods to delay aging. In this context, it has been found that the concentration of GHK-Cu in the human body gradually decreases with age, which implies that GHK-Cu may have some connection with the aging process. This discovery further stimulates researchers to conduct in-depth studies on the source, function, and application of GHK-Cu in the field of anti-aging, and promotes the continuous development of related research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the mechanism of action of GHK-Cu?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting Tissue Repair and Regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStimulating Blood Vessel and Nerve Growth: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eExisting studies have shown that GHK-Cu can stimulate the growth of blood vessels and nerves. It may achieve this effect by regulating specific growth factors and signaling pathways. For example, it may promote the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby stimulating angiogenesis\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. In terms of nerve growth, it may promote the survival, proliferation, and axonal growth of nerve cells by influencing signaling molecules related to nerve growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIncreasing the Synthesis of Collagen, Elastin, and Glycosaminoglycans: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu can increase the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. Collagen is an important component of tissues such as the skin and bones, elastin gives tissues elasticity, and glycosaminoglycans play an important role in maintaining the moisture and elasticity of tissues. The specific mechanism may involve regulating the expression of related genes and signaling pathways, such as activating specific transcription factors in fibroblasts to promote the expression of genes related to collagen synthesis\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupporting the Function of Dermal Fibroblasts: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eDermal fibroblasts play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of the skin. GHK-Cu can support the function of dermal fibroblasts, including promoting cell proliferation, migration, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. This may be achieved by regulating the signaling pathways and gene expression within fibroblasts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCell Protective Effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnticancer Activity: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has multiple anticancer activities. It may exert anticancer effects by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, and suppressing the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The specific mechanism may involve regulating the cell cycle, activating the apoptosis signaling pathway, and inhibiting tumor-related signaling pathways \u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-inflammatory Effect: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. It can inhibit the production of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and at the same time increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Its anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, thereby reducing the inflammatory response\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLung Protection and Repair of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has a protective and reparative effect on lung tissue. It can inhibit the inflammatory response in lung tissue, reduce the damage and fibrosis of lung tissue. For lung fibroblasts of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), GHK-Cu can restore their function, possibly by regulating related signaling pathways and gene expression\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnxiolytic, Analgesic, and Anti-aggression Effects: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu also has anxiolytic, analgesic, and anti-aggression effects, but the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. It may be related to the regulation of signaling pathways and neurotransmitters in the nervous system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDNA Repair and Cell Cleaning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDNA Repair: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has the function of DNA repair. It may repair damaged DNA by activating specific DNA repair enzymes or signaling pathways. This is of great significance for maintaining the normal function of cells and preventing the occurrence of diseases such as aging and cancer \u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActivating Cell Cleaning (through the Proteasome System): \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu can activate the proteasome system of cells, promoting the degradation and clearance of intracellular proteins. This helps to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment and prevent protein aggregation and cell dysfunction\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eHypothesis on the Mechanism of Acupuncture: Some studies have proposed the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of acupuncture may be achieved through GHK-Cu. Although the specific mechanism remains to be further studied, this provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of action of GHK-Cu\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"pswp__img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/blobs\/5754\/11228880\/b90df658b845\/gr1.jpg\" style=\"display: block; width: 688px; height: 916px;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe plasma level and clinical relevance of GHK in patients with silicosis: A. Plasma GHK levels in healthy subjects and patients with silicosis. B. Plasma GHK levels in patients with silicosis in different clinical stages of the disease. C. Lung imaging manifestations and plasma GHK levels in a healthy control population and in patients in different clinical stages of silicosis. D. Correlation between the plasma GHK levels and FEV1%pre in patients with silicosis. E. Correlation between the plasma GHK levels and the DLCO%pre in patients with silicosis.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSource:PubMed\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the applications of GHK-Cu?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSkin Repair and Beauty:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStimulating Collagen Synthesis: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu can stimulate the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. Collagen is an important component of the skin, which gives the skin elasticity and firmness\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. With the increase of age, the synthesis of collagen gradually decreases, leading to skin relaxation and the appearance of wrinkles. By promoting the production of collagen, GHK-Cu can improve the elasticity and firmness of the skin and reduce the formation of wrinkles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting Blood Vessel and Nerve Growth:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e It has the effect of stimulating the growth of blood vessels and nerves \u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Good blood circulation is crucial for the health of the skin. It can provide sufficient nutrients and oxygen for skin cells and promote the metabolism of the skin. In addition, the growth of nerves also contributes to the sensory and responsive abilities of the skin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupporting the Function of Dermal Fibroblasts: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu supports the function of dermal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are one of the main cell types in the skin, and they are responsible for synthesizing collagen, elastin, and other extracellular matrix components\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e. GHK-Cu can enhance the activity of fibroblasts and improve their ability to synthesize the extracellular matrix, thus helping to maintain the structure and function of the skin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWound Healing: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu shows significant effects in wound healing. Studies have shown that it can accelerate the wound healing process, promote the growth of granulation tissue, and the production and accumulation of collagen. In addition, GHK-Cu can regulate the transformation of macrophages from the M2 phase, effectively inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in tissues, release anti-inflammatory factors such as TGF-β and iNOS, accelerate the expression of the HIF-1α pathway, promote the expression of VEGF to achieve the effect of promoting angiogenesis, and accelerate tissue repair.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-aging: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has multiple anti-aging effects. It can inhibit the activity of molecules such as NFκB, which are considered to accelerate the aging process (Pickart L, 2018). In addition, it also has anxiolytic, analgesic, and anti-aggression activities, DNA repair, and the function of activating cell cleaning through the proteasome system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs a Cosmetic Ingredient: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eDue to its effects on skin repair and anti-aging, GHK-Cu is widely used in cosmetics. For example, liposomes based on anionic (AL) and cationic (CL) hydrogenated lecithin can be used as a skin delivery system for GHK-Cu\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c\/sup\u003e. These liposomes are stable, have a small particle size (about 100nm), and a high bilayer fluidity, which can effectively deliver GHK-Cu into the skin. As a cosmetic ingredient, GHK-Cu can not only improve the appearance of the skin but also enhance the health of the skin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical Field:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of Acute Lung Injury: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has a protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI). In in vitro experiments on RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in a mouse model of acute lung injury in vivo, GHK-Cu treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and at the same time reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-6, acting through the inhibition of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e. In addition, GHK-Cu can also reduce the pathological changes of lung tissue induced by LPS and inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung parenchyma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has shown a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM)\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c\/sup\u003e. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a serious lung disease, and oxidative stress and inflammation are its key pathogenic mechanisms. GHK-Cu may play a protective role through antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment of Silicosis: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eSilicosis is the most common type of pneumoconiosis, and there is currently no specific drug for its treatment. Studies have found that GHK-Cu has a therapeutic effect on silicosis. It can alleviate pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis mice by targeting peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), partly due to the inhibition of oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages induced by crystalline silica\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c\/sup\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eGHK-Cu has multiple functions and great significance. It can stimulate the synthesis of substances such as collagen, repair the skin, and delay aging, helping people pursue healthy and beautiful skin in the field of beauty and skin care. At the medical level, it provides a new direction for the treatment of lung diseases such as acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, and is expected to improve the health of patients. Overall, GHK-Cu contributes to the development of life sciences, medicine, and the beauty industry, and has a positive impact on improving the quality of human life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout The Author\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThe above-mentioned materials are all researched, edited and compiled by Cocer Peptides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScientific Journal Author\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eBian Y is a researcher affiliated with multiple notable organizations. These include the State Key Lab Resp Hlth \u0026amp; Multimorbid, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Natl Clin Res Ctr Resp Dis, Natl Ctr Resp Med, and Tongji University. His institutional affiliations reflect a broad background in medical and scientific research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eHis research spans several important subject categories. He has expertise in the Respiratory System, Oncology, General \u0026amp; Internal Medicine, Research \u0026amp; Experimental Medicine, and Biochemistry \u0026amp; Molecular Biology. His work in these fields is significant for advancing medical science and improving healthcare. Bian Y is listed in the reference of citation [6].\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eRelevant Citations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[1] Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New  Gene Data[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018,19(7).DOI:10.3390\/ijms19071987.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[2] Park J R, Lee H, Kim S, et al. The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung  injury in mice[J]. Oncotarget, 2016,7(36):58405-58417.DOI:10.18632\/oncotarget.11168.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[3] Molt O Ripoll J P, Cointry G. Hypothesis of the mechanism of action of acupuncture through GHK-Cu[J]. International Journal of Health Science, 2024. DOI:10.22533\/at.ed.1594202415026\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[4] Dymek M, Olechowska K, Hąc-Wydro K, et al. Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2023,15(10).DOI:10.3390\/pharmaceutics15102485.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[5] Ma W, Li M, Ma H, et al. Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via  anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways[J]. Life Sciences, 2020,241:117139.DOI:10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117139.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e[6] Bian Y, Deng M, Liu J, et al. The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(2+) tripeptide complex attenuates lung  inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6[J]. Redox Biology, 2024,75:103237.DOI:10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103237.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"2mg","offer_id":47294618599614,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/GHK-CuCaps.jpg?v=1781296546"},{"product_id":"ivermectin","title":"Ivermectin Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIvermectin 12mg - 120 capsules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThis is human Ivermectin.  This is not a veterinarian version. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"12mg","offer_id":47506474500286,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/IvermetinCaps.jpg?v=1781297074"},{"product_id":"febendazole","title":"Febendazole Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFebendazole 444mg - 120 capsules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_3\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThis is human Febendazole.  This is not a veterinarian version. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"654\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"324\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"659\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"910\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"678\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"915\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"1259\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"937\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"444mg","offer_id":47506773311678,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/FebendazoleCaps.jpg?v=1781297173"},{"product_id":"mebendazole","title":"Mebendazole Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMebendazole 100mg - 120 capsules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThis is human Mebendazole.  This is not a veterinarian version.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"100mg","offer_id":47507073368254,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/MebendazoleCaps.jpg?v=1781297319"},{"product_id":"tesofensine","title":"Tesofensine  Capsules","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTesofensine 250mcg - 120 capsules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003eTesofensine is a novel triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor that works on serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine pathways—completely different from GLP-1 medications. Phase 2 trials showed up to 10.6% weight loss in 24 weeks, with effects on both appetite suppression and resting energy expenditure.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new3\" id=\"prod_describe_new_3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePeptide Information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGly-His-Lys\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003csub\u003e28\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e46\u003c\/sub\u003eCuN\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e744.3 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e130120-56-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9831891\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBisprezatide copper；DL1TR6W6VM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"prod_describe_new_2\" class=\"prod_describe_new3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prod_describe_new_content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 24px;\"\u003eTesofensine Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACAcQAg\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\"\u003eTesofensine is \u003cmark style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQuJAPegoIAggACAAIBxAF\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-wiz-uids=\"qmPOP_c\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"HxTRcb\"\u003e\u003c!--qkimaf qmPOP_b\/HugV6--\u003e\u003c!--cqw1tb qmPOP_b\/HugV6--\u003ean investigational, orally administered medication currently being studied for weight loss and obesity management\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/mark\u003e. Unlike GLP-1 drugs like semaglutide, it works directly on the central nervous system to suppress appetite and potentially boost resting metabolic rate.\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Fsg96\"\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"otQkpb\"\u003eMechanism of Action\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIBxAM\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACAcQDQ\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\"\u003eTesofensine is a \u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003etriple monoamine reuptake inhibitor\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e. It works by blocking the reabsorption of three key neurotransmitters in the brain:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIBxAS\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"KsbFXc U6u95\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACAcQEw\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Z1qcYe\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"T286Pc\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003eSerotonin:\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e Enhances satiety (feelings of fullness) and reduces cravings.\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACAcQFA\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Z1qcYe\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"T286Pc\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003eDopamine:\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e Boosts energy and mood while limiting the reward-driven desire to eat.\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACAcQFQ\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Z1qcYe\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"T286Pc\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003eNorepinephrine:\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e May increase resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation.\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Fsg96\"\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIBxAa\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"otQkpb\"\u003eWeight Loss Efficacy\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAA\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQAQ\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\"\u003eOriginally investigated to treat Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, researchers noted significant weight reduction as a side effect. Clinical trials have shown that it induces roughly double the weight loss of older antiobesity medications, with some individuals losing up to 10.6% of their body weight in just 24 weeks.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Fsg96\"\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAG\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"otQkpb\"\u003eSide Effects and Considerations\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAJ\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQCg\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\"\u003eBecause it alters brain chemistry, tesofensine carries specific side effect and safety profiles compared to injectable weight-loss drugs:\u003cspan\u003e [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bhrcenter.com\/peptides\/tesofensine\/\"\u003e1\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAP\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"KsbFXc U6u95\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQEA\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Z1qcYe\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"T286Pc\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003eCommon Side Effects:\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e Include dry mouth, insomnia (due to increased dopamine\/serotonin), and headache.\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQEQ\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Z1qcYe\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"T286Pc\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003eCardiovascular Impact:\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e It can increase heart rate and blood pressure, making careful monitoring necessary for individuals with pre-existing hypertension or heart conditions.\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"Fsg96\"\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAW\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin: 24px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"otQkpb\"\u003eCurrent Availability\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAZ\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQGg\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\"\u003eTesofensine is \u003cstrong style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" class=\"Yjhzub\"\u003enot currently FDA-approved for human use\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e and is not an officially prescribed medication. It is still undergoing late-stage clinical evaluation. While it can occasionally be found online through research chemical suppliers or compounded at specialized clinics, taking it outside of a controlled, medically-supervised clinical trial poses significant health and safety risks.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjQ5rSHg_6UAxUiI0QIHUVZK3AQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAf\" class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQIA\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\"\u003eYou can track its regulatory and clinical progress through the official \u003cspan style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);\" data-sfc-cb=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"c\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" class=\"T286Pc\"\u003eClinicalTrials.gov\u003c!--TgQPHd|[]--\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e database.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"prodDetail-editor-container sliderTable\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"654\" data-start=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"321\"\u003eThis compound is provided exclusively for in vitro laboratory research. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or medical use. Not for dietary, cosmetic, or veterinary purposes. This product has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"656\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"910\" data-start=\"661\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"678\" data-start=\"675\"\u003eAll information is for educational purposes only. Humatide makes no claims regarding efficacy or safety. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring proper handling and use in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"915\" data-start=\"912\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1259\" data-start=\"917\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTerms of Sale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"937\" data-start=\"934\"\u003eBy purchasing from Humatide, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher with the knowledge and facilities to safely handle and store research chemicals. All sales are final. Humatide assumes no liability for misuse, misrepresentation, or unintended consequences arising from the use of this product.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Humatide","offers":[{"title":"250mcg","offer_id":47589896519870,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0748\/8667\/6670\/files\/TesofensineCaps.jpg?v=1781296930"}],"url":"https:\/\/shop.humatide.com\/collections\/capsules.oembed","provider":"Humatide","version":"1.0","type":"link"}